General Article Is the world retracting from globalisation, setting it up for a fifth wave?

Topic Selected: Globalisation Book Volume: 416

Is the world retracting from globalisation, setting it up for a fifth wave?

Elsabe Loots, University of Pretoria

Over the past 25 years there has been lots of research and debate about the concept, the history and state of globalisation, its various dimensions and benefits.

The World Economic Forum has set out the case that the world has experienced four waves of globalisation. In a 2019 publication it summarised them as follows.

The first wave is seen as the period since the late 19th centu...

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