General Article What is water security and how is it impacted by climate change?

Topic Selected: Water Book Volume: 463

By Declan Conway

What is water security?

Water is essential to humans’ everyday existence and for a range of economic activities in rural, urban and industrial contexts. Yet access to water varies dramatically, from simply turning on a nearby tap to needing to walk, queue for and carry water, sometimes over long distances. Water can also be a threat: poor water quality can make people seriously ill, while floods are among the most damaging and deadly climate-related hazards.

The Sustainable Development Goal on water articulates the global aspiration to ‘ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all’. However, this goal is far from being achieved and 771 million people globally lack basic access to clean drinking water. 

All of these aspects of water are encompassed in the concept of water security. Definitions generally include the need for a reliable supply of clean, safe water in the context of variability that is being exacerbated by climate chang...

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