Executive summary.
This report explores how international business has changed over 150 years and what may come next. It aims to provide practical insight and considerations for the business leaders we work with around the world. In tracing history and then looking forward, we have identified four key factors – or trade winds – that are a constant and significant presence:
- The march of industrialisation
- The plummeting cost of transport and logistics
- Liberalisation of trade policy
- The evolution of company operating models
- The need for trade.
Saudi Arabia is the world’s largest producer of oil but it is not self-sufficient. If its residents want to buy cars, the country must trade with countries such as Japan, the United States and Germany. Trade arises because countries differ in their abilities to produce the goods and services demanded by their citizens. The uneven global distribution of natural resources, capital stock (factories, machinery, equipment) and skilled labour forc...
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